Litis pendentia; requisites

Litis pendentia is a sanction of public policy against multiplicity of suits. The principle upon which a plea of another action pending is sustained is that the latter action is deemed unnecessary and vexatious. The requisites of litis pendentia are the following: 

(a) identity of parties, or at least such as representing the same interests in both actions; 

(b) identity of rights asserted and relief prayed for, the relief founded on the same facts; and 

(c) identity of the two cases such that judgment in one, regardless of which party is successful, would amount to res judicata in the other. (Spouses Marasigan v. Chevron Phils., Inc., et. al., G.R. No. 184015, February 8, 2012)